All nationalisms -- based on the word nation -- are defined by what they oppose.
Malay nationalism, created by Muslims from Kerala, India, in Singapore, was to oppose Chinese economic domination of Malaya and Singapore. (Refer Origin of Malay Nationalism by Prof. William Roff).
Umno, based on Malay nationalism, has no political ideology. It's nothing more than jealousy of the Chinese in business.
There's no such thing as a Malay race. The Malay language, after which Malaya was named, was created from a Cambodian dialect by Hindus and Buddhists from India to be the lingua franca of the Archipelago. Hence, the Malay Archipelago. This was at a time when the people of the Archipelago were Hindus and Buddhists.
Malay is easier to master than Javanese, the most widely spoken language in Indonesia (from the Greek Indos Nesos i. e. Indian Islands), or Sundanese, the next widely spoken language.
The Malays in Malaya are actually Bugis, Javanese, Minang, Acehnese, other Muslims, who use Malay to communicate with each other.
These so-called Malays are not the Orang Asal (original people) of Malaya. The Federal Constitution -- Article 160 -- is clear on that.
Tunku created the political term Bumiputera (sons of the soil) to include the Malays, by the backdoor, in the same category as the Orang Asal of Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak.
Bumiputera is a Sanskrit word. Malay was developed mostly through the infusion of Sanskrit and Pali (a Sanskrit dialect) words.
Malay also has many Tamil -- derived from Sanskrit and Dravidian -- words. The first kingdom in Malaya was Kadaram in Kedah, a trading bridge between India and China, more than two thousand years ago. Kedah comes from the Tamil word kedai. There were many kedai in Kadaram. The people of Kadaram were from India. Kadaram paved the way for the later emergence of Penang and Singapore (a Sanskrit word which means City of Lion).
All Indian languages and dialects are derived from Sanskrit or Sanskrit and Dravidian.
For example, bangsa, agama, negara are Sanskrit words. Seri Paduka Baginda and Raja Permaisuri are Sanskrit.
Jelita, cantek, permaidani, and all the wans -- jutawan, hartawan, jelitawan etc -- are Sanskrit.
Kamus and dewan and bahasa are Sanskrit.
Malay is the national language of Malaysia, according to Article 152 of the Federal Constitution, but is no longer in use.
Malay has been replaced by Bahasa Malaysia which has Malay as the basis.
Superimposed on this are words from other local languages and dialects and to top it all, words from English.
English is 60 per cent Latin -- a sister language of Sanskrit -- 30 per cent French, and 10 per cent Greek (another sister language of Sanskrit), and two Germanic dialects, Angles and Saxon.
DNA studies show that all the people of southeast Asia are descended from Dravidians (dark-skined archaic caucasoids) who made their way from south India, along the Asian coasts, to south China and Taiwan and mated with the Mongolian tribes living there. These Mongolians are descended from one branch of the Dravidians who entered south China from Afghanistan. The other branch of the Dravidians entered India from Afghanistan.
Albino Dravidians from India entered Central Asia and mated with Mongolians.
This mixture entered Persia and India from Central Asia as Aryans, entered Europe as three families to form the population of Europe, and entered the Americas as the Red Indians.
All human beings (homo sapiens) are descended from people in East Africa.
Human beings outside East Africa have some Neanderthal DNA in them.
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